The UDR (Updating Registry Scheme) land tenure improvement scheme was implemented in Tamil Nadu between 1986 and 1989. Under this scheme, land was recorded in Revenue Department documents exactly as it existed on the ground; for instance, if a *patta* land contained features like a pathway or a pond, these were documented accordingly. Furthermore, *pattas* were registered in the names of the landholders who were in possession of ancestral properties, even if formal *patta* transfers had not previously been executed. Government *poramboke* (public/unassessed) lands were classified based on their actual usage on the ground—such as pathways, barren land, hillocks, ponds, burial grounds, or irrigation channels.